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DC Resistivity – This method is used to map electrical variations in the subsurface. Traditional archaeological application of this method has been to map lateral changes in resistance at shallow depths, but advances in computer processing capabilities have allowed mapping the variations of electrical properties as two- or three-dimensional profiles.
Electromagnetic (EM) methods – EM methods allow the rapid measurement of variations of soil electrical properties, as well as identification of metallic objects. EM techniques are commonly applied to industrial sites to locate underground tanks or pipes, but EM methods can also be very effective in mapping variations in shallow soil properties.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) – GPR offers the highest resolution of any geophysical method when soil conditions are favorable. Typical applications that we have conducted with this technique include mapping of graves, middens (refuse piles), buried foundations, and industrial targets such as buried waste, tanks, pipelines and other utilities.
Magnetics – We routinely conduct total field and gradiometer surveys for mapping the distribution of buried materials. The sensitivity of this method allows for its application to mapping of subtle changes in soil conditions at archaeological sites.
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